This post is not about optimization: it only describe a sure and fast way to get all those 3 components talk to each other. This article will help you bootstrap a minimal setup, something that I wouldn’t recommend for a production server without serious tweaking (to get both high performances and security).

First, we’ll get all our packages from an up-to-date DotDeb repository . If this is not already done, add those repositories to aptitude: 

1$ echo "deb https://packages.dotdeb.org squeeze all" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/squeeze-dotdeb.list
2$ gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-key 89DF5277
3$ gpg -a --export 89DF5277 | apt-key add -
4$ aptitude update

Now we can install the whole stack: 

1$ aptitude install nginx
2$ aptitude install php5-fpm php5-mysql php5-gd php5-curl
3$ aptitude install mysql-server

FYI, here is the list of versions I installed:

  • Nginx 1.0.2

  • PHP 5.3.6

  • MySQL 5.1.57

As a way to test that our setup is working, we’ll serve a simple PHP file: 

1$ mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/
2$ cd /var/www/example.com/
3$ echo "
4<?php phpinfo(); ?>
5" > ./index.php
6$ chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www

Now let’s create a minimal Nginx configuration file for this site: 

1$ touch /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com

In this brand new file, put the following directives: 

server {
  server_name example.com;
  include /etc/nginx/php.conf;
  root /var/www/example.com/;
  location / {
    root /var/www/example.com/;
    access_log on;
  }
}

This will only work if you’ve updated your DNS with an A record having example.com redirecting to the IP address of your Nginx server.

Now it’s time to create the /etc/nginx/php.conf file referenced in the Nginx configuration above. This file is where I put the generic setup making the bridge between Nginx and PHP-FPM. Here is what it should contain: 

index index.php index.html index.htm;

location ~ \.php$ {
  # Zero-day exploit defense.
  # https://forum.nginx.org/read.php?2,88845,page=3
  # Won't work properly (404 error) if the file is not stored on this server, which is entirely possible with php-fpm/php-fcgi.
  # Comment the 'try_files' line out if you set up php-fpm/php-fcgi on another machine.  And then cross your fingers that you won't get hacked.
  try_files $uri =404;

  fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
  include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;

  # As explained in https://kbeezie.com/view/php-self-path-nginx/ some fastcgi_param are missing from fastcgi_params.
  # Keep these parameters for compatibility with old PHP scripts using them.
  fastcgi_param PATH_INFO       $fastcgi_path_info;
  fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;
  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

  # Some default config
  fastcgi_connect_timeout        60;
  fastcgi_send_timeout          180;
  fastcgi_read_timeout          180;
  fastcgi_buffer_size          128k;
  fastcgi_buffers            4 256k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size    256k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;

  fastcgi_intercept_errors    on;
  fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off;

  fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}

Finally you can activate the site configuration and restart the whole stack: 

1$ ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
2$ /etc/init.d/mysql restart
3$ /etc/init.d/php5-fpm restart
4$ /etc/init.d/nginx restart

If everything’s OK on your DNS, pointing your browser to https://example.com will show you the famous page produced by phpinfo() :

phpinfo header for PHP 5.3.6 from dotdeb, reporting the FPM/FastCGI server API and the list of additional ini files loaded from the conf.d directory

Note that MySQL doesn’t need any special attention to make it work out of the box. But again, if you plan to use it in production, its configuration needs special care, as for Nginx and PHP.

9 archived comments

Comments are closed. These were posted on Disqus, and are archived here.

  1. Gavin

    Hi, I've followed your directions in this post and the follow up post. I get a 404 error on the index.php file, though. I created an index.htm file to test and that one works fine.

    I'm using Debian 6 - fresh install. I've restarted php5-fpm and nginx multiple times.

    Any hints as to what would cause this?

    1. Gavin

      Nevermind I got it working by using the updated sites-available file.

      Thanks for the posts; excellent information!

      1. Gavin

        Of course now when I try to add additional sites I am getting "Access to this web page is currently unavailable." on the new sites, but nothing shows up in any logs. The site config files look identical... I don't get it!

        1. Gavin

          And it's resolved. Now I feel bad for cluttering this page up with my comments. I had the wrong IP address in my A records (the numbers look nearly identical at a glance).

          1. Kevin Deldycke Author

            @Gavin: no problem. Your mistakes can help others ! :)

    2. pietro

      i have the same error 404 ... and the config looks identicall ... mhhh

    3. aaki

      Yah, had the same problem here. Make sure that the root directive is in your server block and NOT in your location block. Check the nginx pitfalls: http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls.

      1. Vivek

        Hey Kevin , Thanks a lot for the guide , it works great but there's a small mistake the directives file for example.com in sites-available folder should be like this

        server {
  server_name example.com;
  root /var/www/example.com/;
 include /etc/nginx/php.conf;
  location / {
    root /var/www/example.com/;
    access_log on;
  }
}

        ie. the root directive should also be in server part else it shows 404 , rest everything is working superb , please update it in your post to prevent 404's for future readers of your post

        1. Kevin Deldycke Author

          Thanks @aaki and @Vivek for your contributions. I updated my article with the right root directive.